. Circular. Insect pests; Insect pests. larvae are ready to emerge. The capsule is oval, elongate, or some- what bean shaped, and one of its edges is usually serrate. The young are in some instances assisted to escape by the parent, who with her feet aids in splitting the capsule on the serrate edge to facilitate their exit. On hatching, it is said the young are often kept together by the parent and brooded over and cared for, and at least a colony of young will usually be found associated with one or two older individuals. These insects are more or less gregarious, notably so in the case of t


. Circular. Insect pests; Insect pests. larvae are ready to emerge. The capsule is oval, elongate, or some- what bean shaped, and one of its edges is usually serrate. The young are in some instances assisted to escape by the parent, who with her feet aids in splitting the capsule on the serrate edge to facilitate their exit. On hatching, it is said the young are often kept together by the parent and brooded over and cared for, and at least a colony of young will usually be found associated with one or two older individuals. These insects are more or less gregarious, notably so in the case of the black beetle of Europe and to a less extent with the German and American roaches. They pass tlirough a variable number of molts, sometimes as many as seven, the skin splitting along the back and the insects coming out white, soft, but rapidly hardening and assuming the normal color. Some astounding statements have been made as to the length of time required for the development of the roach from the egg to *^^ the adult. Four or five years have been j-,^ ^Egg-capsule of Pen^neta said to be necessary for an individual to amencana: a, side; 6, end view. reach full grow^th; but more recent breed- fi^re'^^^^orTginTio'^'^'''* ^^ outi'ne ing experiments have not altogether con- firmed these statements. Their development, however, is unquestion- ably slow, and probably under the most favorable conditions rarely is more than one generation per year produced. In colder countries the breeding and growth are practically restricted to the warm season. During the winter months they go into concealment and partial hiber- nation. BlatteJla germanica has been shown to reach full growth in a variable period of from four and a half to six months (Hummel, Essais Entomologiques, No. 1, St. Petersburg, 1821). The common Ameri- can roach (Periplaneta americana) has been carried from the egg to the adult state in our insectary. Young hatching July 11 from an egg case received from Eagle Pass, Tex.,


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