Congress of arts and science, Universal exposition, StLouis, 1904; . that the art of oyster-raising wras wellunderstood certainly one hundred and eighty years ago, and thepractice is, no doubt, much older. There were several reasons why itshould prosper here, among which may be mentioned (1) that thesea about there is as quiet as a lake; (2) that the differences of levelbetween the high- and low-water marks are comparatively great,being ten to fifteen feet, thus exposing a very wide area adapted foroyster cultivation; (3) the bottom of the sea is rather firm there,being composed of finely grou
Congress of arts and science, Universal exposition, StLouis, 1904; . that the art of oyster-raising wras wellunderstood certainly one hundred and eighty years ago, and thepractice is, no doubt, much older. There were several reasons why itshould prosper here, among which may be mentioned (1) that thesea about there is as quiet as a lake; (2) that the differences of levelbetween the high- and low-water marks are comparatively great,being ten to fifteen feet, thus exposing a very wide area adapted foroyster cultivation; (3) the bottom of the sea is rather firm there,being composed of finely ground granite; (4) lots were early dividedand leased to individuals, thus securing the utmost exertions of those CULTIVATION OF MARINE ANIMALS IN JAPAN 717 lessees; (5) monopoly was acquired by the people of this region inselling oysters in Osaka, thus insuring a large market. I made in 1894 a careful inspection of the oyster industry ofHiroshima at the request of the Department of Agriculture of theJapanese Government, and wrote a report on it (in Japanese). This T. FIG. 5. — Typical oyster-farm, FIG. 6. — Diagram of well-developed Kaida Bay. oyster-farm. The black lines in Figs. 5 and 6 represent newly arranged bamboo collectorsthe dotted lines the collectors of the second year. has been, in its main outline, together with some valuable additionsof his own, put into English by Professor Bashford Dean, of NewYork (U. S. Fish Commission Bulletin for 1902, pp. 17-37, pis. 3-7),and the reader may be referred to it for details. I shall, however,touch here, though briefly, on various systems carried out aroundHiroshima, for they are, after all, the most complete of any knownin Japan. The simplest method among them is practiced in a village calledKaidaichi, a few miles east of the city of Hiroshima. When the tideis in, this bay is a quiet, placid piece of water; one sees nothingunusual unless he looks deep below the surface and notices long 718 OCEANOGRAPHY lines of bamboo fences.
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