. Birds of Great Britain and Ireland . resemblancebetween the long-tailed, stout-billed, conical-crested Persian, or Red-vented Bulbuls,tand our stumpy little cock-tailed Wren, whilst the cave-like nest of the latter, ifit be an argument in favour of the affinity of the Dipper to the Wrens, must alsoargue against the close relationship of the Bulbuls to the latter birds. The most convenient plan, therefore, seems to be that adopted by Air. HowardSaunders—to regard the Wrens as a Family rather than a Subfamily. * ^ue of Birds, vol. VI, p. i8o. t- The crests of birds arc uol ragge


. Birds of Great Britain and Ireland . resemblancebetween the long-tailed, stout-billed, conical-crested Persian, or Red-vented Bulbuls,tand our stumpy little cock-tailed Wren, whilst the cave-like nest of the latter, ifit be an argument in favour of the affinity of the Dipper to the Wrens, must alsoargue against the close relationship of the Bulbuls to the latter birds. The most convenient plan, therefore, seems to be that adopted by Air. HowardSaunders—to regard the Wrens as a Family rather than a Subfamily. * ^ue of Birds, vol. VI, p. i8o. t- The crests of birds arc uol ragged, as usually shown iu illuslialious, l»iil loriii a regularuubrokiii .il Uie l). Wren O Pl\t£ 46 The Wren. 169 Faml/y— TROGL OD1 T/D. E. The Wren. Troglodvtes parvulus, KocH. OCCURS throughout Europe up to 65° N. lat. in Scandinavia and NorthRussia, occurring in Morocco and Algeria, also in the Caucasus, NorthernPersia, Minor, and Northern Palestine. In Great Britain it is generally distributed and resident; but, as with man}more resident species, its numbers are greatl} added to in the autumn byimmigration. The adult male has the upper surface rich rufous brown, the crown and napeappearing slightly darker; thence barred throughout with deeper brown; theprimaries brighter, their outer webs barred with pale-buff; a buf&sh-white streakover the ej^e; under surface pale-brownish, more rufous and darker on the flanks,belly, and under tail-coverts, which are also barred with smoky-brown; bill dark-brown above, paler below; feet pale-brown; iris dark-brown. The female isslightly smaller, duller in colouring, with paler legs. Young birds are slightlymore ru


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