. An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct. Mammals. 375 with the Tapiridce; the fourth and probably the third upper pre- molar approximating in structure to the molars; the upper molars have conical outer columns. Helaletes is another closely allied form, with similar premolars, but with the outer columns of the upper molars flattened. Family Pal^OTHERIID^. Molars (Fig. 155) brachydont, with the valleys between the ridges never filled with cement; upper premolars either simpler than. Pig. 164.—Eestoration of Palmotherium (Upper Eocene). After Cuvier. or as c
. An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct. Mammals. 375 with the Tapiridce; the fourth and probably the third upper pre- molar approximating in structure to the molars; the upper molars have conical outer columns. Helaletes is another closely allied form, with similar premolars, but with the outer columns of the upper molars flattened. Family Pal^OTHERIID^. Molars (Fig. 155) brachydont, with the valleys between the ridges never filled with cement; upper premolars either simpler than. Pig. 164.—Eestoration of Palmotherium (Upper Eocene). After Cuvier. or as complex as the molars; lower molars with crescentoid ridges, and the last of the series with or without a third lobe. Outer columns of upper molars flattened. Orbit (at least usually) confluent vnth temporal fossa. Three digits on each foot. This family in- cludes extinct genera ranging from the Middle and Upper Eocene to the Miocene, and passes so gradu- ally into the following one that the maintenance of the two can only be supported on the ground of convenience. The typical genus, Pakeotherium, was made known to science in the early part of the ^^^^^ ^ present century by Cuvier, who External surfaces ofouter columns; a, postero- restored the skeleton (Fig. 154) external column (metacone); 6 antero-ex^ .,, , ^ 1 vi iV ? j: t-U^ temal column (paracone); c, postero-internal With a short neck like that Ot me ^oju^ (^ypocone); d, antero-intemal column Tapirs, although it has been sub- (protocone); i, anterior intermediate column sequently found that the neck (protoconule); e, median valley;;,, posterior was considerably longer. This "'' ^^' genus (which may be taken to include Paloplotherium) ranges from. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Flower, William Henry, 1831-1899; Lydekker, Richard,
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