. Bulletin. Natural history; Science. geometrical motif and is frequently repeated on each section of the spindle Spindles characteristic of the laroslav- Kostroma region also used geometrical motifs, but as secondary elements of the decoration. The primary elements are scenes from contemporary life, tea drinking being one of the most common. Depiction of such scenes became popular in the eighteenth and especially the nineteenth centuries. In the Nizhni-Novgorod (now Gorkii) region of Russia, spindles received quite a different treatment, under the influence of city life. In addition to the tr
. Bulletin. Natural history; Science. geometrical motif and is frequently repeated on each section of the spindle Spindles characteristic of the laroslav- Kostroma region also used geometrical motifs, but as secondary elements of the decoration. The primary elements are scenes from contemporary life, tea drinking being one of the most common. Depiction of such scenes became popular in the eighteenth and especially the nineteenth centuries. In the Nizhni-Novgorod (now Gorkii) region of Russia, spindles received quite a different treatment, under the influence of city life. In addition to the traditional carving, pieces of darker wood were inlaid to add variety to the designs and scenes from folk tales and noble life. More traditionally decorated and one of the oldest of peasant household implements was the chiseled and carved ladle (in Russian, kovsh). Traditionally It was a bird- shape, but others evolved, such as a horse- shape, which often had multiple heads. The tail and bill were used as handles for drinking beer or kvas or, in the cities, for wine tasting. Such ladles were often richly decorated since they served as traditional gifts as well as decorations for holiday tables. A typical seventeenth century ladle was characterized by a simple design such as a flowing, broad, shallowly gouged stripe which ran from the head to the tail. Another common carved item of Russian folk art was the fantastic gingerbread or cake board. These boards resemble rectangular trays which are covered with relief designs of emblems and contemporary and fairy-tale scenes. They were pressed onto cakes which were then given as special holiday or birthday gifts. The decorated cakes were often quite large, one of the largest being the gingerbread weighing around 150 pounds given Peter the Great when he was born. Although such boards were used in the country, they were carved primarily for the city dwellers, a fact which would explain the breadth of subjects depicted and the use of such e
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