. Twentieth century hand-book for steam engineers and electricians, with questions and answers .. . red to comform to the requirementsof safety. The position of the lower gauge cockshould be three inches above the top row of tubes. In making connections for the water column pluggedcrosses should always be used in place of ells. Brassplugs are to be preferred if they can be obtained; butwhether of brass or iron, they should always be wellcoated with a paste made of graphite and cylinder oilbefore they are screwed in. They can then be easily re-moved when washing out the boiler, so as to allow t
. Twentieth century hand-book for steam engineers and electricians, with questions and answers .. . red to comform to the requirementsof safety. The position of the lower gauge cockshould be three inches above the top row of tubes. In making connections for the water column pluggedcrosses should always be used in place of ells. Brassplugs are to be preferred if they can be obtained; butwhether of brass or iron, they should always be wellcoated with a paste made of graphite and cylinder oilbefore they are screwed in. They can then be easily re-moved when washing out the boiler, so as to allow thescale, which is sure to form in the lower connection, tobe cleaned out. The best point at which to connect thelower pipe with the boiler is in the lower part of the 36 ENGINEERING head just below the bottom row of tubes, and near theside of the boiler on which the water column is tostand; \% or \y2 in. pipe should be used in all top connection can be made either in the headnear the top, or in the shell. A 24 or I in. drain pipeshould be led into the ash pit, fitted with a good reli-. AUXILIAEY SPRING PRESSURE GAUGE. able valve which should be opened at frequent intervalsto allow the mud and dirt to blow out of the water col-umn and its connections. This is a very importantpoint, and great care should be taken to keep thewater column and all its connections thoroughly cleanat all times. One of the best indications that some portion of the BOILER SETTINGS AND APPURTENANCES 37 connections between the water glass and the boiler ischoked or plugged with scale, is when there is no per-ceptible movement of the water in the glass. Whenthe connections are free and the boiler is being fired, AUXILIARY SPRING PRESSURE GAUGE, SECTIONAL VIEW. there is always a slight movement of the water up anddown in the glass, and when there is no perceptiblemovement it is time to look for the cause at instances of burned tubes have occurred, and 38 ENGINEERING even explosions cause
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