. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. SOME NGUNI CRAFTS: WOOD-CARVING 249 most commonly end in a flanged butt, although in both types a few specimens with straight shafts were noted. Short stabbing spears may have tapering shafts (SAM-6736, Zululand, 1948; SAM-9957, Mahlabatini, 1970; NASKO 1175, no locahty, no date) (Fig. 70A). Either the heated tang of the metal spear-head (Hlabisa and Mahla- batini, 1970) or a sharp iron tool, isiphiselo (Doke & Vilakazi 1964), was used to burn a hole along the shaft. The tang was then carefully i
. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. SOME NGUNI CRAFTS: WOOD-CARVING 249 most commonly end in a flanged butt, although in both types a few specimens with straight shafts were noted. Short stabbing spears may have tapering shafts (SAM-6736, Zululand, 1948; SAM-9957, Mahlabatini, 1970; NASKO 1175, no locahty, no date) (Fig. 70A). Either the heated tang of the metal spear-head (Hlabisa and Mahla- batini, 1970) or a sharp iron tool, isiphiselo (Doke & Vilakazi 1964), was used to burn a hole along the shaft. The tang was then carefully inserted and fixed with glue either from the root of an ingcino plant {Schizocarphus rigidifolius (Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962: 1248, 1439)) (Doke & Vilakazi 1964; Krige 1950: 210), or of the umtunduluka tree {Ximenia cajfra (Watt & Breyer- Brandwijk 1962: 1325)) (Hlabisa, 1970), or glue, isifuce, from the bark of Protorhus longifolia (Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962: 49; Nongoma 1970), or glue from the umhlontlo tree {Euphorbia ingens (Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962: 1321)) (Mahlabatini, 1970). This joint, ingulad (Otto 1908: 1049), was further secured by one of several means. Most commonly a sleeve of a section of oxtail or calftail, termed inkhulathi (Doke & Vilakazi 1964) or indlodle (Nongoma, 1970) (Krige 1950: 210) (Mahlabatini, 1970), was drawn on while wet over a binding of sinew (SAM-9946, Eshowe, 1968) or grass (SAM-9437, Eshowe, 1968) (Fig. 70B). The oxtail might also be glued (Nongoma, 1970), and was bound round with string or rope until it dried and shrank, when the string was removed (Mahlabatini and Nongoma, 1970; Babanango, 1971). Alternatively it was bound with strips of the root of the intana creeper {Dioscorea continifolia (Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962: 1385)) which was said at Hlabisa (1970) to be stronger than skin (Krige 1950: 210) (SAM-6737, Natal, 1871; SAM-9662, Kranskop, 1970; SAM-10043, Babanango, 1971 (Fig. 70C); AFR 56/279, We
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