. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography is not as severe as it appears at first glance, hecause data taken from spacecraft will be appended to other, conventionally derived sur- face and subsurface measurements of parameters such as vertical cur- rent or temperature profiles in order to construct a more nearly three-dimensional view of the ocean. In addition, near-surface data are useful in their own right, since the coupled nonlinear interac- tions between ocean and atmo- sphere largely
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography is not as severe as it appears at first glance, hecause data taken from spacecraft will be appended to other, conventionally derived sur- face and subsurface measurements of parameters such as vertical cur- rent or temperature profiles in order to construct a more nearly three-dimensional view of the ocean. In addition, near-surface data are useful in their own right, since the coupled nonlinear interac- tions between ocean and atmo- sphere largely take place in the few tens of meters above and below the sea-air interface, at least for shorter time scales. Man's marine activities are mostly confined to near that surface as well, so that the kind of two-dimensional oceanography that one can pursue from spacecraft is often highly relevant. Uses of Spacecraft Data ble 1 is a listing [LaViolette, 1974; Apel and Siry, 1974; NASA, 1975; Koffler, 19751 of the spacecraft that have been or will be sources of data having oceanographic significance. Of the several listed, the most useful are probably NOAA 3 and 4, ERTS 1/Landsat 2, Geos 3, the SMS/GOES quintuplets, Tiros-N, Seasat-A, and Nimbus-G. The data types are diverse, as is discussed below. The last three satellites, which are to be launched in 1978, are of much interest to oceanogra- phy. Tiros-N is the first of a new generation of operational meteorological and environmental polar-orbiting satellites. Seasat-A is dedicated to oceanography, geodesy, meteorology, and climatology \Apel and Siry, 19741. Nimbus-G is designed to serve experimental ends for both pollution monitoring and oceanography [AVISA, 19751. Data Available From Satellites Spacecraft data presently availa- ble on any basis other than a pri- marily experimental one are quite limited and are effectively confined to low- and medium-resolution visi- ble and infrared imagery (NOAA, GOES), from which sea surface te
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