Saint Philip II of Moscow (1507 – 1569) Metropolitan of Moscow during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Seen refusing to bless Ian IV. He was one of a few Metropolitans who dared openly to contradict royal authority, and it is widely believed that the Tsar had him murdered on that account.

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Saint Philip II of Moscow (1507 – 1569) Metropolitan of Moscow during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Seen refusing to bless Ian IV. He was one of a few Metropolitans who dared openly to contradict royal authority, and it is widely believed that the Tsar had him murdered on that account.

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Keywords: archival, archive, bless, historical, history, ian, ii, iv, ivan, metropolitan, moscow, murdered, philip, refusing, reign, russia, russian, saint, terrible, tsar