History and government of New Mexico . sto settle the boundary dispute by buying the region westof the Rio Grande and south of the Gila, including theproposed railway route and all of the disputed December 30, 1853, Mr. Gadsden and the Mexicangovernment signed a treaty of purchase by which theUnited States paid Mexico $10,000,000 for all of the terri-tory lying north of a line beginning in the Rio GrandeRiver north of El Paso in 31 ° 47 north latitude, runningwest one hundred miles, then south to 31 ° 20 north latitude,then west to the one hundred and eleventh meridian, thennorthw
History and government of New Mexico . sto settle the boundary dispute by buying the region westof the Rio Grande and south of the Gila, including theproposed railway route and all of the disputed December 30, 1853, Mr. Gadsden and the Mexicangovernment signed a treaty of purchase by which theUnited States paid Mexico $10,000,000 for all of the terri-tory lying north of a line beginning in the Rio GrandeRiver north of El Paso in 31 ° 47 north latitude, runningwest one hundred miles, then south to 31 ° 20 north latitude,then west to the one hundred and eleventh meridian, thennorthwest to the Colorado River twenty miles belowthe mouth of the Gila — the present southern boundary BEGINNINGS OF THE TERRITORY 165 of the United States from the Rio Grande to the territory thus acquired (45,000 square miles besidesthe disputed region) was annexed to New Mexico andmade a part of Dona Ana County. 199. The Overland Mail to the Pacific. — Through thisregion was soon started one of the most characteristic. Indians Attacking the Overland Stage From Marvels of the New West American enterprises on record. In the summer of 1857the San Antonio and San Diego Mail began to traveltwice a month each way from the Texas town to southernCalifornia, with only the El Paso settlement, Mesilla, andTucson — and savage Indians — to break the monotonyof the intervening deserts. There was no road most ofthe way, and the mail was carried on horseback at first stages began to run in December of that year. 166 THE HISTORY OF NEW MEXICO In that same year (1857) the government let anothercontract to John Butterfield for carrying the mail from to San Fransico over this same southern route throughthe Gadsden Purchase. From St. Louis the route of thisButterfield Overland Stage swung away by Springfield toVan Buren, Arkansas, where the Memphis mail was takenon; across Red River near Sherman and out through westTexas by Forts Chadbourne and Belknap to El
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