. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. jfiiSJPCTS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 431 Contribntion from the Bareaa of Entomoloey L. O. HOWARD, Chief Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER Pebniary 9,1917 SACBROOD By G. Expert, Engaged in the Inyestigation of Bee Diseases CONTENTS Page Introdnetloa 1 Historical Acconnt 2 Name of the Disease 4 Appearance of Healthy Brood at the Age at WhichitDiesofSacbrood .... 6 Symptoms of Sacbrood 10 Cause of Sacbrood 24 Wealcening Effect of Sacbrood Upon a Colony 30 Amount of Vims Required to Produce the Dis
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. jfiiSJPCTS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 431 Contribntion from the Bareaa of Entomoloey L. O. HOWARD, Chief Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER Pebniary 9,1917 SACBROOD By G. Expert, Engaged in the Inyestigation of Bee Diseases CONTENTS Page Introdnetloa 1 Historical Acconnt 2 Name of the Disease 4 Appearance of Healthy Brood at the Age at WhichitDiesofSacbrood .... 6 Symptoms of Sacbrood 10 Cause of Sacbrood 24 Wealcening Effect of Sacbrood Upon a Colony 30 Amount of Vims Required to Produce the Disease, and the Rapidity of its Increase 31 Methods Used in Making Experimental Inoculations 32 Means for the Destruction of the Virus of Sacbrood 34 Heating Required to Destroy Sacbrood Virus When Suspended in Water . 34 Heating Required to Destroy Sacbrood Virus When Suspended in Glycerine . 35 Heating Required to Destroy Sacbrood Vims When Suspended in Honey . 36 Resistance of Sacbrood Vims to Drying at Room Temperature 37 Resistance of Sacbrood Vims to Direct Sunligiit When Dry 38 Resistance of Sacbrood Virus to Direct Sunlight When Suspended in Water . 39 Resistance of Sacbrood Virus to Direct Sunlight When Suspended in Honey . 40 Length of Time that Sacbrood Vims Re- mains Virulent in Honey 40 Resistance of Sacbrood Vims to the Pres- ence of Fermentative Processes ... 41 Resistance of Sacbrood Virus to Per- mentation in Diluted Honey at Out- door Temperature 42 Resistance of Sacbrood Virus to the Pres- ence of Putrefactive Processes ... 43 Resistance of Sacbrood Virus to Carbolic Acid 4 44 Modes of Transmission of Sacbrood . 46 Diagnosis of Sacbrood 48 Prognosis 49 Relation of These Studies to the Treat- ment of Sacbrood 50 Summary and Conclnsioiu 52 Literatore CUed S3. WASHINGTON GOTEBNMENT PBINTINO OFFICB 1917. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these ill
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