. The sportsman's British bird book . With a much more restricted range, which excludesScandinavia, and does not extend farther east thanthe Baltic, south Russia, and Asia Minor, the fire-crested wren is an occasional visitor to England forthe winter-months, chiefly confined to the eastern counties, and un-known in Ireland and prac-tically so in Scotland, where,however, a single occurrencehas been reported. In addition to beingslightly larger than the gold-crest (total length nearly 4inches), the male fire-crestedwren is distinguished by theuniformly orange crown,flanked on each side by abroad
. The sportsman's British bird book . With a much more restricted range, which excludesScandinavia, and does not extend farther east thanthe Baltic, south Russia, and Asia Minor, the fire-crested wren is an occasional visitor to England forthe winter-months, chiefly confined to the eastern counties, and un-known in Ireland and prac-tically so in Scotland, where,however, a single occurrencehas been reported. In addition to beingslightly larger than the gold-crest (total length nearly 4inches), the male fire-crestedwren is distinguished by theuniformly orange crown,flanked on each side by abroad black band, followed bya white line, a second blackband running before and behind the eye : a patch of golden yellowon each side of the neck affords an additional point of distinction,the rest of the upper-parts being light yellowish green. In hens thecrown-patch, which is wanting in the young, is paler. The alleged occurrence of an example of the American ruby-crestwren {Regulus calendula) in Scotland in 1852, seems open to FIKE-CKESTKD WREN. Water-Ouzel In the early days of British ornithology, a writer, ,. ^„„„ impressed with the fact that the bird was not an (Cinelus aquatieus). ^ , . , . ^ , ouzel m the strict sense ot that term, proposed to replace the old English name of water-ouzel by that of dipper ; a 2 L 514 PERCHING BIRDS change for which, of course, there is no justification. Since, however, dipper is very generally employed as the designation of this group,it may be added that it refers, not, as might be supposed, to theaquatic nature of these birds, but rather to their habit of constantlylowering and raising their heads when on land—in other words,bowing. Water-ouzels are found throughout the northern hemisphere, andalso descend some distance into the southern half of the New some writers they are regarded as a group of thrushes speciallymodified for a particular mode of existence, this view being apparently to a great extent based on th
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