. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ions as though all the exhaust were 80 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING. February, 1911. allowed free escape. Tests of this devicein service show no appreciable differencein the speed of the pump, whether the ex-haust is used for heating purposes or cards taken from pumps withthis valve attached, show no material dif-ference in the final back pressure on theexhaust side of the piston, and separationtests to determine the division of exhauststeam under road conditions show from


. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . ions as though all the exhaust were 80 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING. February, 1911. allowed free escape. Tests of this devicein service show no appreciable differencein the speed of the pump, whether the ex-haust is used for heating purposes or cards taken from pumps withthis valve attached, show no material dif-ference in the final back pressure on theexhaust side of the piston, and separationtests to determine the division of exhauststeam under road conditions show from70 to 85 per cent, of the total exhauststeam diverted into the heating uf honesty and sobriety, comes hisknowledge of air brakes and his abilityto handle tools or his ability as a me-chanic; the tools to be used are of minorimportance. The best-trained machinist or the mostskilled mechanic is next to useless onmodern air brake repair work unless hehas a good general knowledge of airbrakes; but a man with a knowledge ofthe brake, whether a skilled workman ornot, will quickly recognize the source of. AIR PUMP EXHAUST NOZZLE. system. The only movable feature ofthis valve consists of two small differ-ential pistons connected to the same rod,these pistons being respectively 5 ins. andl-yi in. in diameter, and provided withsuitable packing rings. The car heating pressure is constantlymaintained under the large piston. Theexhaust passes into the chamber betweenthe two pistons, and being higher than thetrue heating pressure the pistons aremoved downward, thus opening a seriesof ports leading to the heating system,allowing the high exhaust pressure toequalize down to or near the heatingpressure when the differential areas of thepistons cause them to move upward,closing the ports leading to the heat sys-tem and opening the ports leading to thestack, or front end, thereby permitting theremainder of the exhaust steam in thepump to pass out to the atmosphere. Air Brake Tools. In contemplati


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