. Animal communities in temperate America, as illustrated in the Chicago region ; a study in animal ecology. Animal ecology; Zoology. PIONEER COMMUNITIES 141 formation because of their breeding relations. The large-mouthed black bass, the bluegill, the pumpkin-seed, and the speckled bullhead all make nests on the sand, the male fish guarding the nests and driving off other fish that approach. These species are the same as those of the bare-bottom formations of a lake. In their feeding the fish belong in part to another formation in the pond, namely, that of the chara. Character of the formatio
. Animal communities in temperate America, as illustrated in the Chicago region ; a study in animal ecology. Animal ecology; Zoology. PIONEER COMMUNITIES 141 formation because of their breeding relations. The large-mouthed black bass, the bluegill, the pumpkin-seed, and the speckled bullhead all make nests on the sand, the male fish guarding the nests and driving off other fish that approach. These species are the same as those of the bare-bottom formations of a lake. In their feeding the fish belong in part to another formation in the pond, namely, that of the chara. Character of the formation: The formation may be designated as the bare-bottom formation, the forms present being those that are dependent. Fig. 85.—Shows Pond i at the extreme low water of the drought of 1908. In the -spring the old boat is usually covered with water. In the foreground a large area of bare sand bottom is shown; to the right a few rushes and sedges. The absence of shrubs near the water's edge should be noted. upon bare bottom in their most important activities—the fish in breeding, the caddis-worms in making their cases, the mussels in their general activities. It is necessary for the mussels to be on bare bottom in order to maintain themselves in an upright position. Tendencies in the formation: This formation is similar to that of the bare bottom of lakes. The vegetation comes in, as has been indicated in the protected situations, and the bare bottom disappears, its place being taken by the chara. The chara gives rise to humus, upon which chara. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Shelford, Victor E. (Victor Ernest), b. 1877; Metcalf Collection (North Carolina State University). NCRS. Chicago, Ill. , Pub. for the Geographic Society of Chicago by the University of Chicago Press
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1913
