. Surgical and gynæcological nursing. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS 289 and 5) and uterine elevating forceps, according to whether thegrasp is rendered secure by a single, unopposed fine point; twoopposed fine points; several opposed heavy teeth; or a somewhatencircling grasp independent of teeth (Fig. 103, No. 6) 4. Exposing Instruments (Figs. 104 to 108).—Exposing in-struments are, as a rule, broad-bladed, blunt hooks, known asretractors, of varying sizes that are used to draw back the edgesof the wound in order to give a better exposure of the deep struc-tures. Beyond the limits of this definition c
. Surgical and gynæcological nursing. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS 289 and 5) and uterine elevating forceps, according to whether thegrasp is rendered secure by a single, unopposed fine point; twoopposed fine points; several opposed heavy teeth; or a somewhatencircling grasp independent of teeth (Fig. 103, No. 6) 4. Exposing Instruments (Figs. 104 to 108).—Exposing in-struments are, as a rule, broad-bladed, blunt hooks, known asretractors, of varying sizes that are used to draw back the edgesof the wound in order to give a better exposure of the deep struc-tures. Beyond the limits of this definition come the atypicalretracting instruments—generally called specula (Figs. 107 and. Fig. 109.—Surgical needles: (1) Glovers needle; (2) triangular point; (3) Halsted-Hage-dorn; (4) surgeons half curved; (.5) Emmets half curved; (0,7) intestinal needles; (8)surgeons full curved; (9) Halsted-Hagedorn, full curved; (11) Kellys; (12) Listers. 108). These serve the same purpose, but in a somewhat differ-ent way. They are used in order to expand closely approximatedcanals communicating between the outer air and the bodycavities. Thus, we have nasal, aural, vesical, vaginal and rectalspecula. They may accomplish their purpose by the simpleintroduction of a tube that gives a free field of vision throughits lumen (tubular specula), or by the separation of blades thatforce back the adjacent tissues (bivalve or trivalve specula). 5. Sewing Instruments.—The sewing instruments may bedivided into needles (Fig. 109) and needle holders (Fig. 110).19 290 THE OPERATION While it is not necessary to use a needle-holder in surface sewing,it is quite common for operators who have beco
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