Class-book of physiology : for the use of schools and families : comprising the structure and functions of the organs of man, illustrated by comparative reference to those of inferior animals . DIGESTION. 79 rolled into a small ball, to be returned to the mouth, andundergo a second process of mastication, called chew-ing the cud. When the food is again swallowed, it ispassed into the third and thence into the fourth stomachto go through the final process of digestion. (Esophagus. Pylorus. 4th Stom. 2d Stom. 1st 32.—Stomach op the Shkep. 160. Birds, which have no means of masticating
Class-book of physiology : for the use of schools and families : comprising the structure and functions of the organs of man, illustrated by comparative reference to those of inferior animals . DIGESTION. 79 rolled into a small ball, to be returned to the mouth, andundergo a second process of mastication, called chew-ing the cud. When the food is again swallowed, it ispassed into the third and thence into the fourth stomachto go through the final process of digestion. (Esophagus. Pylorus. 4th Stom. 2d Stom. 1st 32.—Stomach op the Shkep. 160. Birds, which have no means of masticating theiifood, arc provided with a peculiar modification of thestomach. In those which live on grain—as the commonfowl, quail, &c.—the food is first moistened and softenedin the crop, just as it is in the first stomach of the is then passed through a second stomach (where it issaturated with the gastric juice) into the gizzard. In thegizzard, it undergoes a triturating or grinding process,which is accomplished by means of pieces of quartz orother angular stones, which the bird instinctively. swal-lows for the purpose, and the strong muscular actionof the organ. The digestive apparatus of a fowl is repre-sented in fig. 2, Pl. VII. 161. A powerful gizzard is also found in most insects,but it is placed above the digestive stomach instead of be-low it, as in birds. In fig. 3, Pl. VII., is represented thedigestive apparatus of a carnivorous beetle. How is the st
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