. Animal life and intelligence. Biology; Animal intelligence; Psychology, Comparative; Evolution. The Nature of Animal Life. is slight; in many cases, however, the form alters very markedly during the successive stages of the life of the individual, as is seen in the frog, which begins life as a tadpole, and perhaps even more conspicuously in the butterfly, which passes through a caterpillar and a chry- salis stage. Still, these changes are always the same for the same kind of animal. So that we may say, each animal has a definite form and shape or series of shapes. 2. Animals breathe. The ess
. Animal life and intelligence. Biology; Animal intelligence; Psychology, Comparative; Evolution. The Nature of Animal Life. is slight; in many cases, however, the form alters very markedly during the successive stages of the life of the individual, as is seen in the frog, which begins life as a tadpole, and perhaps even more conspicuously in the butterfly, which passes through a caterpillar and a chry- salis stage. Still, these changes are always the same for the same kind of animal. So that we may say, each animal has a definite form and shape or series of shapes. 2. Animals breathe. The essential thing here is that oxygen is taken in by the organism, and carbonie acid gas is produced by the organism. No animal can carry on its life-processes, unless certain chemical changes take place in the substance of which it is composed. And for these chemical changes oxygen is essential. The products of these changes, the most familiar of which are carbonic acid gas and urea, must be got rid of by the process of excretion. Eespiration and excretion are therefore essential and characteristic life-processes of all animals. In us, and in all air-breathing vertebrates, there are special organs set apart for respiration and excretion of carbonic acid gas. These are the lungs. A great number of insects also breathe air, but in a different way. They have no lungs, but they respire by means of a number of apertures in their sides, and these open into a system of a/.c. delicate branching tubes which ramify throughout the body. Many Organisms, however, SUCh as fish Fig. 1.— Diagram of spiracles , , , , n n t n and air-tubes (trachea?) of and lobsters and molluscs, breathe an insect (cockroach). the air dissolved in the water in The skin, etc., of the back has been removed, and the crop (c?\) Which theV live. The Special Organs and alimentary canal () dis- *' x played. The air-tubes are repre- developed for this purpose are the sented by dotted lines. The ten r x •*? spiracle
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Keywords: ., booksubjectanimalintelligence, booksubjectpsychologycomparative
