An academic physiology and hygiene .. . 4 3 3 52 Fig. 14. three plans show how the two bones of the leg are united above the ankle-joint.*> 2» 3> 4> 5> 7> 7> &i rnark the ligaments winch bind them firmly. especially remarkable for its solidity ; in the hand, mobil-ity is the predominating quality. The toes have neitherthe length of the fingers nor the extent and variety oftheir movements ; in a word, it is a foot, and not a handit is in the quadrumana. Its arched form gives greatstrength combined with elasticity. 10. Joints and Ligaments. — A joint is the un
An academic physiology and hygiene .. . 4 3 3 52 Fig. 14. three plans show how the two bones of the leg are united above the ankle-joint.*> 2» 3> 4> 5> 7> 7> &i rnark the ligaments winch bind them firmly. especially remarkable for its solidity ; in the hand, mobil-ity is the predominating quality. The toes have neitherthe length of the fingers nor the extent and variety oftheir movements ; in a word, it is a foot, and not a handit is in the quadrumana. Its arched form gives greatstrength combined with elasticity. 10. Joints and Ligaments. — A joint is the union of two or 34 ACADEMIC PHYSIOLOGY. more bones with each other, and may be either movableor immovable. The latter class are few in number, andwill be noticed later. The movable joints receive differ-ent names according to their characteristics, viz., ball-and-socket joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, mixed joint, andsliding joint,. Fig. By this diagram the skeleton of the foot will be clearly understood, even without the aid oithe bones. Twenty-six bones are here so curiously grouped together, that an arch is madebetween the heel and ball of the great toe. a shows the five bones of the metatarsus. d, e} g, and h point out the bones of the instep, or tarsus. b and c indicate the phalanges; or toes. 11. The ball-and-socket joints are those capable of mov-ing in all directions. Of the ball-and-socket joint thereare two examples in the shoulders and two in thehips. 12. The hinge joints are those in which the motion islimited to two directions, like that of the hinge of a knee, elbow, and ankle present the largest examplesof the hinge joint, and the joints of the toes, fingers, andjaw belong to the same class. 13. The pivot joints are those which admit of a rotary-motion, as that of the axis bone of the spine which per- THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM. 35 mits of the rotary motion of the head, and that of
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