The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology . three spines standing on a common stock. Variation in the Spines on the Front Margin. Normally there is a pair of triple spines. The horizontaldistance between them is as usual in most species of thegenus. The spines stand erect; the first is always anappendix to the second arising from its front side ; it mayarise either near the base (fig. 2) or a little above (fig. 3), its. Dactylispa xanthopus. Fi°S. 1, 2, 3, 4 are marginal spines at the front; 5, 6, 7 are the lateralgroups of spines. The spines on the right of the
The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology . three spines standing on a common stock. Variation in the Spines on the Front Margin. Normally there is a pair of triple spines. The horizontaldistance between them is as usual in most species of thegenus. The spines stand erect; the first is always anappendix to the second arising from its front side ; it mayarise either near the base (fig. 2) or a little above (fig. 3), its. Dactylispa xanthopus. Fi°S. 1, 2, 3, 4 are marginal spines at the front; 5, 6, 7 are the lateralgroups of spines. The spines on the right of the figures pointtowards the head. length may be quite small or it may attain the length of anormally developed spine (fig. 4), but it is always smallerthan the second spine. The latter, together with the first, isslightly inclined forward. The third stands almost verticaland is the longest. The first spine may be entirely absentin some cases (fig. 1). Occasionally in the same individual 72 Mr. S. Maulik on Variation in the Prothoracic I have observed that of the pair of frontal spines, one con-sists of two spines and the other three. This, of course, isabnormal. There is no correspondence between the numberof the frontal spines and the lateral ones. Each of thefrontal pair may consist of two (fig. 1) or three, while thelateral group may be composed of four, three, or even two. Variation of the Lateral Group of Spines. The usual number is four,
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