. A manual of therapeutic exercise and massage, designed for the use of physicians, students and masseurs. ^the deltoid, will be increased until the maximum is reachedwhen the arm is lifted up to the horizontal line. In manypathological conditions it is difficult if not impossible toraise the arm to the right angle or at least any attempt to doso will cause pain and muscle spasm. If the patient is ableto lift the arm at all he does so by abducting the scapulato the while no motion takes place in the shoulder-. FiG. 2.—Practical position for certain resistive exercises of the shoulder,
. A manual of therapeutic exercise and massage, designed for the use of physicians, students and masseurs. ^the deltoid, will be increased until the maximum is reachedwhen the arm is lifted up to the horizontal line. In manypathological conditions it is difficult if not impossible toraise the arm to the right angle or at least any attempt to doso will cause pain and muscle spasm. If the patient is ableto lift the arm at all he does so by abducting the scapulato the while no motion takes place in the shoulder-. FiG. 2.—Practical position for certain resistive exercises of the shoulder,especially rotation. The right arm steadies the scapula. joint proper. On the other hand, when the patient is lyingdown while the arm is raised forward and upward, accordingto the law of leverage the relative weight of the arm becomesgradually lighter the more the arm approaches the verticalposition. It is therefore a frequent occurrence that in alying position a greater angle of motion can be obtained withgreater ease. In the majority of cases the patient whilerecumbent will be able to lift the arm up from the table;otherwise the operator has to assist up to the point wherethe better leverage enables the patient to control the move-ment himself. How much of this motion should be of a ACTIVE MOVEMENTS 29 resistive, assistive or simply passive nature, depends on theindividual case. In most cases, however, it will be advantage-ous if not necessary to hold and support the scapula becausethe tendency is to keep t
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