Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ate constantly experimenting; andStephenson, then an engineer at Killingworth, Avas as constantlyfollowing the experiments. At KiUingworth, Stephenson con-structed in 1814, for Lord Ravensworth, his first locomotive, Blucher, and devoted the next two years to improvements indesign of both engine and track ; and he had proved in practiceon these coal i-oads the superiority of locomotive over any otherform of
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . ate constantly experimenting; andStephenson, then an engineer at Killingworth, Avas as constantlyfollowing the experiments. At KiUingworth, Stephenson con-structed in 1814, for Lord Ravensworth, his first locomotive, Blucher, and devoted the next two years to improvements indesign of both engine and track ; and he had proved in practiceon these coal i-oads the superiority of locomotive over any otherform of ti-action liy the date of the inception of the Stocktonand Darlington Railway. This line was originally intended only for the conveyance ofcoals and goods to be hauled by animal power or stationaryengines : and the first application, backed by Edward Pease andmany of the Quakers of Darlington, for power to construct it. THE RAUAVAY SYSTEif. 275 was made to Parliament in It was defeated by the Dukeof Cleveland, on the ground that it would interfere with liisfox-covers. In 1821, liowever, the Bill passed, and in 1823George Stephenson was appointed engineer. At his instigation,. GEORGE STEPHENSON, AFTER II. 1. liRIGGS, an amended Bill was obtained, a clause of whicli gave thecompany power to woriv the line by means of locomotive engines,and to convey —the lirst Act in England to give suchpower. The year 1823, therefore, may be looked upon as thereal beginning of the modern railway era in England. Forsanction was given by Parliament—and it is necessary to notethat such sanction was, and is still, essential to undertakingsof any magnitude, because Parliament alone can compel any 276 THE NEW SPIRIT AND THE NEW PATHS. The Liverpooland Man-chesterRailway. Steam Traction Wins. individual in this country to part with land against his will—to a line forty miles long, and estimated to cost a quarter of amillion sterling. From that day to this, moreover,
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