. Europe and other continents . psizingwaiian Islands. •Ha- THE HUMAN RACE 89 the wind was called into service (Fig. 71), and finallysteam. Ships are one of mans most important inven-tions. Why ? Of whatservice have printing,gunpowder, steam, elec-tricity, and labor-savingmachinery been in ad-vancing civilization ? Civilized man, instead ofdepending upon wild plantsand animals for food andclothing, has learned tocultivate the choicest ofplants. He has tamed anddomesticated many speciesof animals, too, and usedthem not merely as a sourceof food but also as an aid inhis work. More than this,he h
. Europe and other continents . psizingwaiian Islands. •Ha- THE HUMAN RACE 89 the wind was called into service (Fig. 71), and finallysteam. Ships are one of mans most important inven-tions. Why ? Of whatservice have printing,gunpowder, steam, elec-tricity, and labor-savingmachinery been in ad-vancing civilization ? Civilized man, instead ofdepending upon wild plantsand animals for food andclothing, has learned tocultivate the choicest ofplants. He has tamed anddomesticated many speciesof animals, too, and usedthem not merely as a sourceof food but also as an aid inhis work. More than this,he has learned to controlsome of the forces of nature and has caused them to do hiswork in an improved fashion. The result of it all is that thou-sands of people are able to live where only one could exist in thenatural state. For example, while in some parts of the tropicsthere is an average of but one savage for every twenty-foursquare miles, there are whole countries that average severalthousand civilized men on the same Fig. 71. A Chinese junk, a form of sailing boat long-in use by the Chinese. Development of the State. — While in some tribes thereis scarcely any real government, the need of a leader sofrequently arises, as in the management of a boat or inwar, that in most cases there is some than that, war is so common among savage andbarbarous races that it is of interest for different tribes to 90 GENERAL GEOGRAPHY combine under a good leader. This forms a beginningof tribal government and of the State. Sometimes, as among the Indians, the chief is merely arepresentative of the people, leading them, but not havingabsolute power. In other cases he is a despot to whomall subjects must yield obedience. Their property, move-ments, and very lives are at his mercy, his authority oftenbeing made especially secure by means of religious beliefsand rites, as among many African tribes. In early times Europe was occupied by scattered, war-ring tribes gov
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