Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Biodiversity Synthesis ecosystemshumanw05kuma Year: 2005 Trade-off analysis aided by qualitative and quantitative values for biodiversity and ecosystem services can help decision-makers make intelligent decisions among competing goals (R17). (See Figure ) Such analysis can identify management strategies that generate efficient outcomes in which it is not possible to increase one objective without decreasing another. Second, it can show the extent to which current decisions are inefficient and help identify opportunities for improving the status quo. Third
Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Biodiversity Synthesis ecosystemshumanw05kuma Year: 2005 Trade-off analysis aided by qualitative and quantitative values for biodiversity and ecosystem services can help decision-makers make intelligent decisions among competing goals (R17). (See Figure ) Such analysis can identify management strategies that generate efficient outcomes in which it is not possible to increase one objective without decreasing another. Second, it can show the extent to which current decisions are inefficient and help identify opportunities for improving the status quo. Third, it illustrates the nature of the trade-offs between goals once the effi- ciency frontier has been reached. Values of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Human Well-being The importance of biodiversity and natural processes in pro- ducing ecosystem services that people depend on is not cap- tured in financial markets. Unlike goods bought and sold in markets, many ecosystem services do not have markets or readily observable prices. However, lack of a price does not mean lack of value. A substantial body of research on nonmarket valuation is now available for some ecosystem services, including clean drink- ing water, recreation, or commercially harvested species. Exis- Persistence and Economic Returns The production possibility shows feasible combinations of species persistence and economic returns for a sample landscape based on the Willamette Basin in Oregon in the United States. The Figure shows results for 97 terrestrial vertebrates found in the basin and economic returns from agriculture and forestry production. Each land parcel can be put into a biological reserve, agriculture, or forestry. The land use pattern determines the value of economic returns from agriculture and forestry production and the pattern of habitat. For each species, persistence depends on the extent and pattern of suitable habitat (R17). Number of species remaining of 97 terrestrial vertebrates 90
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