Roman sculpture from Augustus to Constantine . compared withofficial portraiture, is surprisingly characteristic andindividual in expression. The features are irregular,the eyes somewhat prominent, the upper lip long, thechin small though by no means weak, the jaw this is faithfully rendered yet subordinated to theclear artistic conception which governs the Julio-Claudianportraiture. The general effect is masterly. The head,which is singularly cut in half, has an inferior replica in * The portraits of his brother the elder Drusus, of his nephewGermanicus, and of his son the youn


Roman sculpture from Augustus to Constantine . compared withofficial portraiture, is surprisingly characteristic andindividual in expression. The features are irregular,the eyes somewhat prominent, the upper lip long, thechin small though by no means weak, the jaw this is faithfully rendered yet subordinated to theclear artistic conception which governs the Julio-Claudianportraiture. The general effect is masterly. The head,which is singularly cut in half, has an inferior replica in * The portraits of his brother the elder Drusus, of his nephewGermanicus, and of his son the younger Drusus, presumablyresembled his own. They have not yet been satisfactorily iden-tified. No. 439 in the Lateran—a prince of the Julio-Claudianhouse, who has been variously called the Elder Drusus, and hisson Germanicus—can give students a good idea of these portraitsas also of the difficulties of precise identification. t Cf. the remarks in Amelung-Holtzinger, i. p. 45, on twoportraits of Tiberius in the Museo Chiaramonti, 400, 494. i. IOUTKAIT OF LLIO-CLArDIAX IEKI o Biirraico ROMAN PORTRAITURE 359 the so-called Marcus Junius Brutus of the Capitol(Helbig, 536). The portrait has been interpreted, buton insufficient grounds, as that of Virgil. The portraits distributed among the numerous ladiesof the Julio-Claudian family are, as is invariably thecase throughout Roman portraiture, less interestingthan those of the men. Of the Empress Livia there isno portrait that can be regarded as absolutely certain,though, from its likeness to Tiberius, there is much infavour of Helbigs identification as Livia of the headpublished inRonmcheMittheilungeni.,F\site I.(pp. 3-13).Its likeness to the profile generally interpreted asLivia on the coins with the legend Sahis Aitgusta isalso striking (Helbig, ib.). If we accept these twoportraits of the Empress, then we must agree with Mauin recognizing Livia in a bust at Naples * (inv, 6045).The jaw is square, the face bony and worn, the profil


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