Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners . in C6H?N50 Origin of the Purin Bases.—Of these, xanthin, guanin,hypoxanthin, and adenin are the most important and areknown as the real nuclein bases. These have beenshown by Kossel to be cleavage products of the are, therefore, decomposition products of the nucleiof the body cells. The other purin bodies mentioned in the above list havenot been so thoroughly studied, but three of them (hetero-xanthin, paraxanthin, and i-methylxanthin: Albanese,Bondzynski, etc.) which form the bulk of the purin bases 156 EXAMINAT
Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners . in C6H?N50 Origin of the Purin Bases.—Of these, xanthin, guanin,hypoxanthin, and adenin are the most important and areknown as the real nuclein bases. These have beenshown by Kossel to be cleavage products of the are, therefore, decomposition products of the nucleiof the body cells. The other purin bodies mentioned in the above list havenot been so thoroughly studied, but three of them (hetero-xanthin, paraxanthin, and i-methylxanthin: Albanese,Bondzynski, etc.) which form the bulk of the purin bases 156 EXAMINATION OF THE URINE in the urine are derived from the theobromin, caffein, andtheophylline and their compounds occurring in food (tea,coffee, cocoa, etc.). The term endogenous purin bodies is used to designatethose derived from tissue metabolism, while exogenouspurins are derived from the food. Clinical Significance.—Inasmuch as the purin basesare closely related to the nucleins, they are increased in theurine in all conditions in which there is either a greater. Fig. 21.—Xanthin crystals (after the drawings of Horbaczewski, as repre-sented in Neubauer and Vogel). ingestion of nucleated tissue (certain foods containingmany nuclei, see Uric Acid, p. 147) or a breakdown ofnuclei in the body. Normally, the purin bases occur in the urine in verysmall quantities (Flatow and Reitzenstein, quoted byHammarsten), to mg. in twenty-four hours. They are increased in healthy persons by feeding uponfood rich in nuclei and food containing derivatives ofcaffein, theobromin, etc. QUANTITATIVE TEST FOR PURIN BODIES. 157 In diseases the purin bases are especially increased inleukemia (destruction of nuclei of leukocytes). QUANTITATIVE TEST FOR PURIN BODIES (URIC ACID+ PURIN BASES) The methods of quantitatively measuring the amount ofuric acid and of purin bases are far too complex for routineclinical work, and, therefore, we shall content ourselvesin describing an approximate clinica
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