. Microbes & toxins. Bacteriology; Toxins; Antitoxins. 6 MICROBES AND TOXINS Pasteur discovered the transformation of the lactate into the butyrate by the butyric vibrio; the butyrate can be completely consumed in its turn by the moulds. The glucosides (compounds of sugar with an organic body, an alcohol or phenol) are decomposed into their two elements. A diastase, tannase, secreted by the Aspergillus, splits tannin into two molecules of gallic acid, from which other moulds produce again carbonic acid and water. Just as there is not one starch but several, so there are several celluloses,
. Microbes & toxins. Bacteriology; Toxins; Antitoxins. 6 MICROBES AND TOXINS Pasteur discovered the transformation of the lactate into the butyrate by the butyric vibrio; the butyrate can be completely consumed in its turn by the moulds. The glucosides (compounds of sugar with an organic body, an alcohol or phenol) are decomposed into their two elements. A diastase, tannase, secreted by the Aspergillus, splits tannin into two molecules of gallic acid, from which other moulds produce again carbonic acid and water. Just as there is not one starch but several, so there are several celluloses, which resemble starches but are more stable: (CgHjflOj)^. They form the walls of vegetable cells, and make up one-third of the weight of the straw, which is the principal component of farmyard manure. If the celluloses. Fig. I.—The microbe which ferments cellulose, described by Omeliansky : bacilli with spores. were not decomposed and restored to circulation, the earth would soon be cumbered with useless refuse material. But from the beginning moulds establish themselves on the outer skin of the living plant; when it dies they invade its tissues, attacking iirst the sugar and then the cellulose, the latter being hydrolysed, transformed into sugars and consumed. The B. Amylobader of Van Tieghem, an anaerobe, produces from cellulose hydrogen, carbonic acid and butyric acid. Omeliansky has demonstrated two methods of anaerobic fermentation in cellulose, one with production of hydrogen, the other with production of methane. Those ferments which in a tube in the laboratory decompose the cellulose of Berzelius' paper, act in precisely the same way in manure heaps. The aerobic fermentation of cellulose is carried on by moulds, by fungi. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Burnet, Etienne, 1873-1960;
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectantitox, bookyear1912
