. The book of photography; practical, theoretical and applied. TONING WITH GOLD AND PLATINUM. 257 Causes op importance attaches to thethoroughness with which the differentoperations are carried out, especially whenwashing the prints between the alum andgold baths, and also before and afterfixing. Most of the defects met with, suchas stained or spotty prints, uneven andpoor tones, etc., are generally traceableto faulty working and failure to carry outthe instructions in their entirety. Ofcourse, chemicals are sometimes impure,and the prepared paper is occasionally atfault, but as


. The book of photography; practical, theoretical and applied. TONING WITH GOLD AND PLATINUM. 257 Causes op importance attaches to thethoroughness with which the differentoperations are carried out, especially whenwashing the prints between the alum andgold baths, and also before and afterfixing. Most of the defects met with, suchas stained or spotty prints, uneven andpoor tones, etc., are generally traceableto faulty working and failure to carry outthe instructions in their entirety. Ofcourse, chemicals are sometimes impure,and the prepared paper is occasionally atfault, but as a rule both chemicals andpaper are of excellent and reliable spots and markings sometimes ap-pear on the paper, having escaped thevigilant eye of the factory examiner; butsuch faults are not common, and shouldbe detected before printing. It is pro-posed, therefore, to consider the commoncauses of failure, with special reference tostains and poor quality of tone. Stains. Many photographic experts have madethis the subject of research, and the ex-


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