. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. in a failure. The demandfor a reform of the Churchin head and in members —, the ending of such abusesas had marked the Avignonregime — was loud in all council, therefore, con-tinued long in session and pro-posed drastic remedies; but itsleaders were unwise quarreled with the Pope(Eugenius IV), and disgustedthe world with an attempt ata new schism. As a result thecouncil broke up in 1449, nav_ing accomplished extremelylittle. no. The final era of themediaeval Papacy. Followingthe fiasco at Basel, no mo
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. in a failure. The demandfor a reform of the Churchin head and in members —, the ending of such abusesas had marked the Avignonregime — was loud in all council, therefore, con-tinued long in session and pro-posed drastic remedies; but itsleaders were unwise quarreled with the Pope(Eugenius IV), and disgustedthe world with an attempt ata new schism. As a result thecouncil broke up in 1449, nav_ing accomplished extremelylittle. no. The final era of themediaeval Papacy. Followingthe fiasco at Basel, no motereal efforts were made to re-form the Church for two gen-erations. The Popes had nowresigned all attempts to playthe political dictator overkings: they kept their spiritualsovereignty over the entire Church, but their real interestsseemed to be those of temporal princes in Central Italy,—ambitious to build up a strong dominion around a result, while some of these fifteenth-century Popeswere admirable men, — like the great scholar and patron of. A CHURCH COUNCIL IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY The Pope is presiding. About him are the high prelates. In the lowest rank are the abbots. (From a fifteenth-century manuscript in the British Museum) 202 HISTORY OF EUROPE learning, Nicholas V (1447-55), — others were worldly in theextreme; very secular in their lives and policy, given towars, diplomatic intrigues, and all the unworthy artifices whichthen characterized Italian statecraft. The most notoriousinstance of these worldly Popes was Alexander (VI) Borgia,(1492-1503) whose cruelties have become a by-word. Mani-festly, this failure to recognize the growing need for a generalreformation of the Church, and the perpetuation of manyinveterate scandals, could not but work grievous harm tothe prestige of the Papacy. Within fifteen years of Alexan-ders death, his successors were being vexed by an unwelcomename — Luther. REVIEW 1. Topics — Boniface VIII; Philip the Fair; U
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