. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 210 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 23, Art. 1 era occur in Illinois. A large number of the species are widespread, some of them Hol- arctic. It is certain that a study of the Holarctic fauna of this family will show a good many more of the names based on North American material to be synonyms of European or Asiatic names. In the entire family the pupal chamber has a slit and not a mesh in the closing cap at both ends. Through these slits the pupa pushes out all the larval sclerites, so that it is impossible to get associations of adu
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 210 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 23, Art. 1 era occur in Illinois. A large number of the species are widespread, some of them Hol- arctic. It is certain that a study of the Holarctic fauna of this family will show a good many more of the names based on North American material to be synonyms of European or Asiatic names. In the entire family the pupal chamber has a slit and not a mesh in the closing cap at both ends. Through these slits the pupa pushes out all the larval sclerites, so that it is impossible to get associations of adult structures and larval sclerites in the same case. For this reason it is necessary to rear larvae in cages in order to associate immature and adult stages. KEY TO GENERA Larvae 1. Middle legs with claw stout and hook shaped, tarsus bent, fig. 714; case transparent Leptocerus, p. 212 Middle legs with claw slender, slightly curved, tarsus straight, fig. 715; case seldom transparent 2 2. Maxillary palpi nearly as long as stipes, fig. 717; mandibles long, sharp at apex, the teeth considerably below apex Oecetis, p. 236 Maxillary palpi short, about half length of stipes, fig. 718; mandibles shorter, blunt at apex, the teeth near or at apex 3 3. Head with a suture-like line parallel- ing the epicranial arms, fig. 764. . Athripsodes, p. 221 Head without a suture-like line in ad- dition to the epicranial arms, fig. 811 4 4. Mesonotum membranous with a pair of sclerotized, narrow, curved or angled bars, figs. 764, 769 Athripsodes, p. 221 Mesonotum without such a pair of sclerotized bars, fig. 836 5 5. .Anal segment developed into a pair of sclerotized, concave plates, with spinose dorso-lateral and mesal carinae, and an overhanging ventral flap, fig. 719 PSetodes, p. 256 Anal segment convex and without car- inae between anal hooks, fig. 720. 6 6. Hind tibiae entirely sclerotized, with- out a fracture in middle, fig. 716; abdomen without gills Leptocella, p. 213 Hind tibiae with a frac
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