. Rise of the new West, 1819-1829. oon; but thereis not a spot on this habitable globe that I couldaffirm you do not claim; and there is none whichyou may not claim with as much color of right asyou can have to Columbia River or its mouth. * The time had arrived when Adamss familiaritywith foreign diplomacy, his belief that a new nationmust assert its rights with vigor if it expected tomaintain them, his very testiness and irascibility,his bull-dog fighting qualities —in short, the char-acteristics that were sources of weakness to him indomestic politics—proved to be elements of strengthin his
. Rise of the new West, 1819-1829. oon; but thereis not a spot on this habitable globe that I couldaffirm you do not claim; and there is none whichyou may not claim with as much color of right asyou can have to Columbia River or its mouth. * The time had arrived when Adamss familiaritywith foreign diplomacy, his belief that a new nationmust assert its rights with vigor if it expected tomaintain them, his very testiness and irascibility,his bull-dog fighting qualities —in short, the char-acteristics that were sources of weakness to him indomestic politics—proved to be elements of strengthin his conduct of foreign relations. The individual-ism, the uncompromising nature, the aggressiveness,and the natural love of expansion, which were traitsof John Quincy Adams, became of highest serviceto his country in the diplomatic relations of the nextfew years. Hardly a year elapsed after this defiance to Eng-land when Adams met the claims of Russia likewisewith a similar challenge. On September 4, 1821, Adams, Memoirs,V., i824] MONROE DOCTRINE 209 the Russian czar issued a ukase announcing theclaim of Russia on the Pacific coast north of thefifty-first degree, and interdicting to the commerciaivessels of other powers the approach on the high seaswithin one hundred Italian miles of this assertion of Russian monopoly, which would,in effect, have closed Bering Sea, met with peremp-tory refusal by Adams, and on July 17, 1823, havingin mind Russias posts in California, he informed theminister, Baron Tuyl, that we should contest theright of Russia to any territorial establishment onthis continent, and that we should assume distinctlythe principle that the American continents are nolonger subjects for any new European colonial estab-lishments. ^ After negotiations, Russia concludedthe treaty of April 17, 1824, by which she agreed toform no establishments on the northwest coast southof latitude 54° 40, and the United States recipro-cally agreed to make no establis
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