. Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean . ivers andwater-falls.—Indians.— Millerton.—Climate.—Fort miller to kings river.—Fort miller to dry creek.—ter-race.—Kings river—Sierra Nevada.—Sharp slate ridges transverse to the sierra.—Outline view.—Kingsriver to the four creeks. alluvial clay four creeks. luxuriant vegetation. — irrigation. los t moun-tains. metamorphic rocks. quartz rocks.—effects of the snow-peaks of the sierra on the climate. four creeks to moores creek. carbonate
. Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean . ivers andwater-falls.—Indians.— Millerton.—Climate.—Fort miller to kings river.—Fort miller to dry creek.—ter-race.—Kings river—Sierra Nevada.—Sharp slate ridges transverse to the sierra.—Outline view.—Kingsriver to the four creeks. alluvial clay four creeks. luxuriant vegetation. — irrigation. los t moun-tains. metamorphic rocks. quartz rocks.—effects of the snow-peaks of the sierra on the climate. four creeks to moores creek. carbonate of magnesia. moores creek to white creek. auriferous rocks. Trap.—White creek to pose or ocoya creek—Tertiary formation at the base of the sierra Nevada. On arriving at Fort Miller, a settlement and military post on the left bank of the San Joa-quin, we encamped for several days, and thus an opportunity was presented for the examinationof the geology of the immediate vicinity. The river flows in a deep winding valley, betweenhigh granitic hills, partly wooded with oaks and pines. The slopes of these hills are very steep ;. VALLEY OF THE SAN JOAQUIN AT FORT MILLER. and a short distance above the tort they rise abruptly from the stream, leaving only a Bar-low bench or level area at their base. At the fort, this terrace or plain attains a considerablewidth, and several miles below opens out upon the broad plains of the San Joaquin. 20 GEOLOGY The plain is shaded at intervals by groves of oak trees, some of them overhanging the river,thus forming a desirable and beautiful camp ground. The river was not at its highest stage atthe time of our visit; but a 1-rge body of water was flowing in the channel, and it was evidentthat a considerable quantity of snow remained in the mountains at the sources of the river. Adiurnal rise and fall of the water was constantly observed, and is, without doubt, produced bythe melting of the snow during the day. This water
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