. The Canadian field-naturalist. 90 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 95. Figure 1. Two representative infructescences of Carex loliacea. Perigynia lanceolate to broadly ovate, widest well below middle; spongy layer at base of perigynium thick, occupying basal '/, to V2 of perigynium body, usually marked by an ex- ternally differentiated zone (except in C. arcta) Section Stellulatae, Carex arcta Perigynia narrowly to broadly elliptic, widest near middle; spongy layer at base of perigy- nium thin or absent, not marked by an exter- nally differentiated zone. 3 Lower two spikes of infructescence
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 90 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 95. Figure 1. Two representative infructescences of Carex loliacea. Perigynia lanceolate to broadly ovate, widest well below middle; spongy layer at base of perigynium thick, occupying basal '/, to V2 of perigynium body, usually marked by an ex- ternally differentiated zone (except in C. arcta) Section Stellulatae, Carex arcta Perigynia narrowly to broadly elliptic, widest near middle; spongy layer at base of perigy- nium thin or absent, not marked by an exter- nally differentiated zone. 3 Lower two spikes of infructescence over- lapping, the apex of the lowest reaching to or beyond the base of the next spike. Carex glareosa, C. lachenalii, C. heleonastes, C. tenuiflora, C. amhlyo- rhyncha, C. mackenzei 3 Lower two spikes of infructescence separ- ate, the apex of the lowest not reaching to the base of the next spike. 4 Perigynia tapering uniformily to the apex, not contracted to a beak Carex loliacea 4 Perigynia abruptly contracted to a short but definite beak mm long Carex canescens, C. brunnescens, C. tripserma, C. mackenzei Distribution and Ecology of Carex loliacea The known distribution of Carex loliacea east of Manitoba now extends to within 130 km of the Quebec boundary (Figure 2). It is likely that searches will disclose this species in Quebec. In Ontario, the species is rare in the northern boreal forest and occurs disjunctly near the north shore of Lake Superior (Fig- ure 3), paralleling a number of other northern species (Soper and Maycock 1963). This species should be looked for in the Lake Superior area of Minnesota and Michigan as well. Virtually no information is available about the ecology of the species in eastern Canada. It evidently grows in Sphagnum bogs shaded by conifers and in rich, wet sites that are mossy but often with little or no Sphagnum. Most of the collections are along river banks or associated with small streamlets. At the Moose River site (TRTE 5348) the
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