Clinical lectures and essays on rickets, tuberculosis, abdominal tumours and other subjects . ontinued congestion, have been admirablydescribed and figured by Rokitansky. (See Fig. p. 167.)* When the lung is congested, as from disease of the leftside of the heart, an increase in the quantity of the connectivetissue occurs, the walls of the air-vesicles are thickened, theparenchyma appears thicker and swollen, and unusuallyresistant. On section of the lung the margins of the lung-vesiclesare thicker than in health, and the cavity of each vesiclemore visible than it should be, because its thicke
Clinical lectures and essays on rickets, tuberculosis, abdominal tumours and other subjects . ontinued congestion, have been admirablydescribed and figured by Rokitansky. (See Fig. p. 167.)* When the lung is congested, as from disease of the leftside of the heart, an increase in the quantity of the connectivetissue occurs, the walls of the air-vesicles are thickened, theparenchyma appears thicker and swollen, and unusuallyresistant. On section of the lung the margins of the lung-vesiclesare thicker than in health, and the cavity of each vesiclemore visible than it should be, because its thickened wallsprevent collapse. Sometimes the cavity of each vesicle isincreased, and the lungs are larger than they should be; inother words, the substance of the lung is toughened andthickened from the formation of tissue, and enlargement ofthe lung, with dilatation of the vesicles, follows when any ofthe determining causes of over-distension of the air-vesiclescome into action. But, however produced, permanent over-distension of theair-vesicles is followed by various pathological changes in. SECTION OF LUNG IN ADVANCED STATE OP CHRONIC VESICULAR EMPHYSEMA. (From Rokitansky, Lehrbuch cler Pathol. Anatomie, B. iii. 1861.) CHANGES IN LUNG 167 their walls. Some of these changes are the direct mechani-cal result of their over-distension; some are the result ofdegenerative changes in the structures thus mechanicallyinjured; some of defective nutrition consequent on the injuryinflicted on the capillaries of the walls by their stretching;some of altered nutrition due to the alterations in structure;some are due to the pathological states to which the per-manence of the over-distension is owing. So that when thedisease is far advanced, and has existed for some time, notonly are individual air-cells enlarged, but the partitionsbetween many are perforated; between others they arereduced to mere ridges; at places they have altogether dis-appeared; and at places they are greatly, though it ma
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