. The Canadian field-naturalist. Notes The Orchid Listera australis Rediscovered in Ontario Abstract. New sites oi Listera australis Lindley, a rare or- chid, are reported from Prescott and Simcoe Counties, Ontario. The habitats at these sites are described and the discoveries are discussed in relation to the history, range, and flowering time of this species in Canada. Although well known and sometimes locally frequent in the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf states of the United States of America, Listera australis Lindley (southern twayblade) is rare in the northeastern states. It is very rare
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Notes The Orchid Listera australis Rediscovered in Ontario Abstract. New sites oi Listera australis Lindley, a rare or- chid, are reported from Prescott and Simcoe Counties, Ontario. The habitats at these sites are described and the discoveries are discussed in relation to the history, range, and flowering time of this species in Canada. Although well known and sometimes locally frequent in the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf states of the United States of America, Listera australis Lindley (southern twayblade) is rare in the northeastern states. It is very rare in eastern Canada, where it was first collected from the Mer Bleue bog, in Carleton County, Ontario, in 1893 (Fletcher, CAN 116993, TRT 15703). Nine years later it was collected again from the same bog (Macoun, TRT 15701). Apparently the species was not seen again in Ontario for 71 years, although it was found farther east in Canada: in Quebec near Montreal (Mousley 1940), near Hatley (J. H. Soper, personal communication), and near Quebec City (Greenwood 1962; Doyon and Cayouette 1969); in Nova Scotia near Inverness on Cape Breton Island (Whiting 1971). Canadian occurrences are mapped in Figure 1. Following a suggestion by D. R. Gunn that the Alfred Bog would be a likely habitat to search for this orchid in Ontario, the senior author, accompanied by P. M. Catling and S. M. McKay, visited that extensive bog in Prescott County on 9 and 10 June 1973. We found over 40 flowering plants oi Listera australis rooted in deep wet Sphagnum in sheltered openings of the black 'spruce - tamarack bog (Figure 2). The openings that we examined varied from about 200 square meters (240 square yards) to about ten times that area. Shrubby growth in the Sphagnum of the openings included Ledum groen- landicum, Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia polifolia, and dwarf plants of Chamaedaphne calyculata. Many small plants of Smilacina trifolia and Vaccinium oxycoccos were in flower, and we noticed somtCarex tri
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