Luebeck Germany St Jacobi Church
Lübeck ( pronunc., population (2005): 213,983) is the second largest city in Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany. It was for several centuries the "capital" of the Hanseatic League ("Queen of the Hanse") and because of its Brick Gothic architectural heritage is on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites. Lübeck is situated at the Trave river with the largest German port at the Baltic Sea. The old part of the town is an island enclosed by the Trave river. The Elbe-Lübeck Canal connects the Trave with the Elbe river. Another important river near the town center is the Wakenitz. Autobahn 1 connects Lübeck with Hamburg and Denmark. The borough Travemünde is a sea resort and ferry port at the coast of the Baltic Sea. The area around Lübeck was already settled after the last Ice Age. Several Neolithic Dolmens can be found in the area. Around 700 AD Slavic peoples settled in the Eastern parts of Holstein which had been left by its Germanic inhabitants in course of the Migration Period. Among other settlements they founded Liubice ("lovely") on the Trave banks about 6 kilometres north of the present-day city centre of Lübeck. In the 10th century it became the most important settlement of the Obotrites and a castle was built. The settlement was burned down in 1128 by Slavic people from Rügen. The modern town was founded by Adolf II, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, in 1143 as a German settlement on a peninsula. He established a new castle which was first mentioned by Helmold in 1147. Adolf had to cede the castle to Henry the Lion in 1158. After Henry's fall in 1181, the town became an Imperial city for eight years. Emperor Barbarossa gave the city a ruling council with twenty members that survived into the 19th century. This council was dominated by merchants and caused Lübeck's politics to be dominated by trade interests for centuries to come. The town and castle changed ownership for a period afterwards and was part of the Duchy of Saxony until 1192, of
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