. The Dental cosmos. they are employed in bridge, plate, orvulcanite work as when they are used forcrowning only. In plate work these advantages arealso apparent, while in addition the dan-gers which arise from warpage in solder-ing are eliminated. Moreover, the di-minution in the amount of solder is afurther substantial gain, as the liability to discoloration is lessened and the karatof the piece is maintained at a higherstandard. Approximal contact. The matter ofapproximal contact where normal condi-tions prevail can be successfully carriedout by means of the ordinary all-porce-lain crown in
. The Dental cosmos. they are employed in bridge, plate, orvulcanite work as when they are used forcrowning only. In plate work these advantages arealso apparent, while in addition the dan-gers which arise from warpage in solder-ing are eliminated. Moreover, the di-minution in the amount of solder is afurther substantial gain, as the liability to discoloration is lessened and the karatof the piece is maintained at a higherstandard. Approximal contact. The matter ofapproximal contact where normal condi-tions prevail can be successfully carriedout by means of the ordinary all-porce-lain crown in general use. Cases occur,however, in connection with the grindingteeth in which the space is too large toadmit of approximal contact being ob-tained by the substitution of a singleporcelain crown, and yet too small toallow of the satisfactory insertion of twocrowns. In these cases resort has beenhad either to an all-gold crown withexaggerated approximal contour to ob-tain contact, or a porcelain-face crown, Fig. Shows excessive contour on first bicuspid tofill up space. or a built-up porcelain crown treated inthe same manner, but on referring to thechapter on tube teeth and porcelain rodsit will be seen that these are pre-eminently adapted to meet the aboveclass of cases, and in a manner nothitherto suggested (Fig. 39). SUPERIORITY OF THE TUBE TOOTH OVERPORCELAIX AXD PLATIXOI CrOWXS. During the last twenty years, and par-ticularly within the last decade, a greatdeal has been written regarding the ap-plication of porcelain work in connectionwith crowns and bridges, and a greatdeal of time and effort is being expendedupon a line of work which is never likelyto yield the results looked for, except inthe hands of an expert. Apart al-together from the expenditure of timenecessary for the attainment of evenmoderate success, there remains the al- GIRDW00D.—TUBE TEETH AND PORCELAIN RODS. 697 most insuperable element of weaknessdue to the fact that fused porcelain* isinferior in
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