[Frost and fire : natural engines, tool-marks and chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller] . world,though the prevailing feature in its landscapes may be dustand ashes. 12 GEOLOGY. Atmospheric circulation, water falling and flowing, fluidand solid ; sliding glaciers, freezing seas, ice rafts floating,rocks wearing, sediment falling to form new beds, denuda-tion, and deposition:—downward movements from theaction of cold and weight :— Eising land, hot springs, intruded rocks, lava, boiling, rising,flowing, and freezing ; volcanic projectiles rising, freezing,and falling in
[Frost and fire : natural engines, tool-marks and chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller] . world,though the prevailing feature in its landscapes may be dustand ashes. 12 GEOLOGY. Atmospheric circulation, water falling and flowing, fluidand solid ; sliding glaciers, freezing seas, ice rafts floating,rocks wearing, sediment falling to form new beds, denuda-tion, and deposition:—downward movements from theaction of cold and weight :— Eising land, hot springs, intruded rocks, lava, boiling, rising,flowing, and freezing ; volcanic projectiles rising, freezing,and falling in air; upheaval of land, upward movements ingas, fluid and solid, caused by heat:— Demolition and reconstruction by natural forces,—are notall within daily experience at home. Therefore, teaching and experience may seem to differ,but they really agree; for natural agents work everywherein the same way, and the form of their work is alike at homeand abroad, on the smallest and on the largest visible same powers work in a kettle, and in the Great Geyser ;both boil, and sometimes they boil li(;. 2. BoiLiNii and Basiu of the Great Ueysur, alter an Enr-ti CHArTETf TIT. GEOLOGY. Geology teaches generally that great changes have taken placeon the surface of the earth, and it seems to point hack to somedistant time when a crust first cooled ahout a molten interior. But there is nothing like a molten surface within commonexperience. The world with which we are familiar is greenand smiling, and the old rugged crust is huried far out ofsight, or worn away. It takes skilled eyes to read the lessonsof our rocks. In Iceland nearly the whole surface has beenfused ; it is warm still in many places, and most of the rocksare bare, so he who rides reads. The modern geologist generally works slowly but surelydownwards through the outer crust of sedimentary rockswhich have settled layer upon layer above each other, andabout the cooled surface of the first crust, whose
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