Mexico, its ancient and modern civilisation, history and political conditions, topography and natural resources, industries and general development; . rted by the Federal Government in the capital, bywhich it is seen that the Mexican nation is holdingforth good opportunity to its citizens for acquiring know-ledge. Notwithstanding these facilities the education ofthe lower classes proceeds but slowly, and at presentless than 13 per cent, of the entire population can readand write. It is to be recollected, however, that thegreat bulk of the population consist of the peones andthe Indians, and th
Mexico, its ancient and modern civilisation, history and political conditions, topography and natural resources, industries and general development; . rted by the Federal Government in the capital, bywhich it is seen that the Mexican nation is holdingforth good opportunity to its citizens for acquiring know-ledge. Notwithstanding these facilities the education ofthe lower classes proceeds but slowly, and at presentless than 13 per cent, of the entire population can readand write. It is to be recollected, however, that thegreat bulk of the population consist of the peones andthe Indians, and the conditions of the life of theserender the acquisition of education by them often im-possible. Knowledge cannot else but slowly unfold forthe indigenous peoples of Spanish-America, weigheddown as they are by conditions of race, caste, and in-herited and imposed social burdens. Prominent among the literary, scientific, and art insti-tutions of Mexico City are the Geographical Society, theoldest of all, founded in 1833 ; the Geological Society;the Association of Engineers and Architects; Society ofNatural History; the five Academies of Medicine,. 0-1 o XCO M a CITIES AND INSTITUTIONS 199 Jurisprudence, Physical and Natural Science, SpanishLanguage, Social Science, respectively ; also the AntonioAlzate Scientific Society and the Pedro Escobedo MedicalSociety. Of museums and galleries are the Academy ofSan Carlos, with fine specimens of European and Mexicanart, among the former of which are works by Velasquez,Murillo, Ribera, and others attributed to Rubens,Leonardo da Vinci, Van Dyck, &c. The NationalMuseum, which was founded in 1865, is an importantand interesting institution, in which are preserved thefamous archaeological and ethnological objects andcollections illustrative of prehistoric Mexico. It wasfounded in 1865, and attracts Mexican and foreignvisitors to the annual number of nearly a quarter of amillion. The famous prehistoric Calendar Stone is pre-served here.^ There
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