. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. ARTICULATIONS OF THE HEAD. 137 2. Occipito-atloid Articulation, (Preparation.—Dissect away all the soft parts that pass from the neck to the head and cover the articulation, and more particularly the flexor, the recti, and the small oblique muscles of the head. To pjg^ 81. expose the synovial membranes, open the sides of the capsular ligament.) This is a condyloid articulation. Articular surfaces,—In the atlas, the two cavities which replace the anterior articular processes and the heads of the other vertebrae; in the o
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. ARTICULATIONS OF THE HEAD. 137 2. Occipito-atloid Articulation, (Preparation.—Dissect away all the soft parts that pass from the neck to the head and cover the articulation, and more particularly the flexor, the recti, and the small oblique muscles of the head. To pjg^ 81. expose the synovial membranes, open the sides of the capsular ligament.) This is a condyloid articulation. Articular surfaces,—In the atlas, the two cavities which replace the anterior articular processes and the heads of the other vertebrae; in the occipital bone, the two condyles flanking the sides of the occi- pital foramen. Mode of union.—A single capsular ligament en- velopes the entire articulation; it is attached by its anterior border to the margin of the occipital con- dyles, and by its posterior to the anterior contour of the atlas. Thin and slightly elastic in its inferior half, this ligament presents, superiorly, four reinforcing fasciculi: two middle, which intercross in X—from whence the name " cruciform," sometimes given to this ligament (Fig. 81, 1, 1) ; and two lateral, which pass from the sides of the atlas to the base of the styloid processes (Fig. 81, 2, 2). It is lined within by the synovial membranes, and is enveloped externally by a large number of muscles, which protect the articu- lation and greatly strengthen it everywhere. Among these may be particularly noticed the straight muscles of the head, the small oblique, and the great com- plexus. There is also the cord of the cervical liga- ment. Synovial membranes,—These membranes are two in number, one for each condyle and corresponding rtloid cavity. Sustained above, below, and outwardly by the capsular ligament, they are related inwardly to the dura mater and to the fibrous tractus which, from the odontoid ligament, is carried to the in- ternal face of the occipital condyles. Movements,—Extension, flexion, lateral inclination,
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectveterinaryanatomy
