. Radiotherapy and phototherapy : including radium and high-frequency currents, their medical and surgical applications in diagnosis and treatment ; for students and practitioners . charge thanany previously obtained. The emanations were condensed inside the sealed tubeand kept for almost a week. These experiments seem toprove that these emanations or corpuscles have some of thecharacteristics of ordinary gases. Possibly they constitutea new form of matter having properties different from anywith which we are acquainted (Fig. iii). The experiments seem to settle the question that theemanations
. Radiotherapy and phototherapy : including radium and high-frequency currents, their medical and surgical applications in diagnosis and treatment ; for students and practitioners . charge thanany previously obtained. The emanations were condensed inside the sealed tubeand kept for almost a week. These experiments seem toprove that these emanations or corpuscles have some of thecharacteristics of ordinary gases. Possibly they constitutea new form of matter having properties different from anywith which we are acquainted (Fig. iii). The experiments seem to settle the question that theemanations from radioactive substances are is assumed that radioactivity is a manifestation of sub-atomic chemical change. Such change is evidently of adifferent order from that which has been commonly dealt 540 RADIOACTIVITY with in chemistry. Radioactivity is not a specific propertyof certain so-called elements such as radium and polonium,since bismuth and barium emit seemiagly identical radia-tions. It may also be communicated from a radioactivesubstance to one which has no such inherent property. SirWilliam Crookes assumed the existence of matter in a gas- FlG. Apparatus for the inhalation of the emanations of thorium. eous state which he called radiant matter. In some of itsproperties radiant matter appeared to be as material as ablock of wood, while in other properties it assumed thecharacter of radiant heat. He said: We have actuallytouched the border-land where matter and force seem tomerge in one J. J. Thomson calls the emanations of radioactive ^ The Lancet, December 27, 1902. GOODSPEED RAY 541 substances electrons. An electron is about the y^o- partthe mass of the hydrogen atom, and these masses startfrom the negative pole in a vacuum tube with a velocityof 10,000 miles per second. Electrons emanating fromradioactive bodies behave like particles of matter, partakingof the properties of a fog or mist, and are capable of beingdiffused away in t
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