. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. o a o. Figure 25 Gunwales and Stakes on Building Bed, plan view. {Sketch by Adney) stern were finished can best be described when indi- vidual types are under examination. Some canoes had a small piece of bark over the ends of the gunwales but under the outwales that held it in place. Whether these pieces were employed to protect the lashing cf the gunwales and adjoining work from the weather, cr whether they were the vestigial remains of a decking once used, cannot be determined. In the Canadian Northwest the ends of bark canoes were someti
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. o a o. Figure 25 Gunwales and Stakes on Building Bed, plan view. {Sketch by Adney) stern were finished can best be described when indi- vidual types are under examination. Some canoes had a small piece of bark over the ends of the gunwales but under the outwales that held it in place. Whether these pieces were employed to protect the lashing cf the gunwales and adjoining work from the weather, cr whether they were the vestigial remains of a decking once used, cannot be determined. In the Canadian Northwest the ends of bark canoes were sometimes decked with bark for a short distance inboard. The bark was secured to the gunwales by a continu- ous spiral lashing all along the main gunwale or b)- separated lashing in series. In the first, the continu- ous lashing, where it passed through the hark, might show regularly spaced separations to avoid the tops cf the ribs. In the second, the lashings were placed clear of the ribs. There were some slight variations in the lashings, but these were of minor importance so far as structural strength is concerned. In all cases, the bark was brought up to or over the top of the gunwale before being secured, so that the holes for the lashing were pierced at some distance from the edge of the bark to prevent it from splitting. The ends of the thwarts were mortised into the gun- wales and also secured by lashings. The number of thwarts varied with the tribal type, the size, and the purpose of the canoe. Usually an odd number, from three to nine, were used, though occasional canoes had two or four thwarts. Very small canoes for hunt- ing might have only two or three thwarts, but most canoes 14 to 20 feet long had five. Canoes intended for portaging usually had one thwart at midlength to aid in lifting the canoe for the carry position. The distance between the thwarts might be determined by structural design, or might be fixed so as to divide the cargo space to allow proper trim. The t
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Keywords: ., bookauthorun, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectscience
