Brazil and the Brazilians : portrayed in historical and descriptive sketches . city. In 1763 it superseded Bahia as the seat of government, andbecame the residence of the viceroys of Portugal. The more substantial improvements of the capital were under-taken at this period. The marshes, which covered a considerableportion of the spot where the town now stands, were drained anddiked. The streets were paved and lighted. Cargoes of Africanslaves, who had hitherto been exposed in the streets for sale,exhibiting scenes of disgust and horror, and also exposing theinhabitants to the worst of diseases
Brazil and the Brazilians : portrayed in historical and descriptive sketches . city. In 1763 it superseded Bahia as the seat of government, andbecame the residence of the viceroys of Portugal. The more substantial improvements of the capital were under-taken at this period. The marshes, which covered a considerableportion of the spot where the town now stands, were drained anddiked. The streets were paved and lighted. Cargoes of Africanslaves, who had hitherto been exposed in the streets for sale,exhibiting scenes of disgust and horror, and also exposing theinhabitants to the worst of diseases, were now ordered to be Improvements under the Viceroys. 63 removed to the Vallongo, which was designated as a generalmarket for these unhappy beings. Fountains of running water were also multiplied. The greataqueduct which spans the Bua dos Arcos was then constructed;and in these and various other ways, the health, comfort, andprosperity of the city were promoted under the successive adminis-trations of the Count da Cunha, the Marquis of Lavradio, and Luizde Vasconcellos. GREAT AQUEDUCT—RUA DOS ARCOS. The system of government maintained during these periodsthroughout Brazil was absolute in the extreme, and by no meanscalculated to develop the great resources of the country. Never-theless, it was anticipated by the more enlightened statesmen ofPortugal that the colony would some day eclipse the glory ofthe mother-country. None, however, could foresee the proximityof those events which were about to drive the royal family (thehouse of Braganza) to seek an asylum in the New World, and to 64 Brazil and the Brazilians. establish their court at Rio de Janeiro. The close of the eighteenthcentury witnessed their development. The French Revolution and the leading spirit which was raisedup by it involved the slumbering kingdom of Portugal in thetroubles of the Continent. Napoleon determined that the courtof Lisbon should declare itself against its ancient ally, England,and assent to
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