. The prospector's field-book and guide in the search for and the easy determination of ores and other useful minerals. sof the earth occur as Lodes. By a lode or vein is generally meant afissure in the rocky crust of the earth which is filledwith mineral matter. In Australia a vein is calleda reef and in California a ledge. The course of alode in a horizontal direction is called its strike,while its descent is spoken of as its dip. Very oftenlodes are distinctly marked off from the rocks en-closing them by straight and sharp divisions oneither side of the lode as if cut with a div
. The prospector's field-book and guide in the search for and the easy determination of ores and other useful minerals. sof the earth occur as Lodes. By a lode or vein is generally meant afissure in the rocky crust of the earth which is filledwith mineral matter. In Australia a vein is calleda reef and in California a ledge. The course of alode in a horizontal direction is called its strike,while its descent is spoken of as its dip. Very oftenlodes are distinctly marked off from the rocks en-closing them by straight and sharp divisions oneither side of the lode as if cut with a divisions are called the walls of the the lode inclines in its dip to either one sideor the other, which is nearly always the case, theupper division is called the hanging-wall, and thelower the foot-wall. The incline of the lode in itsdip is its underlie. The barren rock through whichthe lode passes is known amongst mining men asthe country. Lodes may be all widths from athin thread-like film to 100 feet or more in width. PREPARATORY INSTRUCTION. 33 Lodes often contain large blocks of the country Fig. 5. A. id Formation, cross , I, I, I, country rock enclosed in lode on horse, surrounded by auriferousquarts. A, A, hanging wall; B, B, foot wall; C, C, casing ; D, D, D, D,country rock. rock barren of ores or metals, which are thereforewaste. Such occurrences are spoken of as forma-3 34 PROSPECTOR S FIELD-BOOK AND GUIDE. tions or horse, and are generally of great widthbetween the two walls. See Fig. 5. Lodes nearly always carry casing, which is coun-try rock ground very fine, converted into clay bymoisture and mixed with quartz and free nativegold. The casing mostly occurs on the foot-wall,and is often very rich in metal. Fig. 6. Fig. 6.
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