. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. CATTLE CATTLE 307 flow. Silage is also a good food for the cows that are soon to freshen, and will put them in good con- dition for parturition, and for heavy milking. It may be fed advantageously in the stable in connec- tion with a grain ration. It is generally advisable to use grain in the ration, even when on pasture, unless the grass is very rich and abundant. It cannot be too strongly impressed on the mind of the dairyman that the cow must be supplied liber- ally with food of good quality, and with pure water in abundance,
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. CATTLE CATTLE 307 flow. Silage is also a good food for the cows that are soon to freshen, and will put them in good con- dition for parturition, and for heavy milking. It may be fed advantageously in the stable in connec- tion with a grain ration. It is generally advisable to use grain in the ration, even when on pasture, unless the grass is very rich and abundant. It cannot be too strongly impressed on the mind of the dairyman that the cow must be supplied liber- ally with food of good quality, and with pure water in abundance, if she is to do her best. Stabling. Over a large part of this country, it is important that the cows be provided with shelter from the sun in summer weather. The heat and flies com- bine to make them so uncomfortable that doing anything like their best becomes impossible. Over a large part of the United States, dairy cattle must be housed several months in a year. The barn should be light, well ventilated and warm enough to prevent water freezing in the coldest weather. The cows must be kept in the barn, at least in the northern two-thirds of the country, for three to six months. It is impor- tant that they be kept comfortable and healthy, and maintain good ap- petites. In order to do so, they must not be kept too closely housed. Fresh air and a limited amount of exercise in the open are both con- ducive to making the cow enjoy life, and keep- ing her in vigorous health. The cow should be made to enjoy living every hour of every day. Close stabling for days at a time without any opportunity to move away from the stall is not good management. For this reason it is not well to depend too much on systems of watering while the cow is standing in the stall. She needs the change and the exercise to to be derived by going out of the stable to drink. That does not mean that she should go out in the cold and drink ice-water. A sheltered drinking- tank in which the water is not allowed t
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