Journal . NEERING POINT OF VIEW. By W. Bamford, (Member of the Crystal Palace Engineering Society.) This paper does not pretend to be a complete dissertationon the subject of artillery. Its object is rather to point out someof the scientific principles and some of the mechanisms, madeuse of in modern artillery (more especially siege artillery), whichmay be of interest to the engineer. Range and Factors Affecting it. If the case of a projectile discharged in vacuo be considered,,it can easily be shown, by resolving the initial velocity into itshorizontal and vertical components (remem
Journal . NEERING POINT OF VIEW. By W. Bamford, (Member of the Crystal Palace Engineering Society.) This paper does not pretend to be a complete dissertationon the subject of artillery. Its object is rather to point out someof the scientific principles and some of the mechanisms, madeuse of in modern artillery (more especially siege artillery), whichmay be of interest to the engineer. Range and Factors Affecting it. If the case of a projectile discharged in vacuo be considered,,it can easily be shown, by resolving the initial velocity into itshorizontal and vertical components (remembering that the latteris subject to the acceleration due to gravity), that there are twoangles of elevation which will give the same range, measured toa point on the horizontal plane passing through the point ofdischarge. Further, these two angles will be complementary,and in each case the trajectory or path of the projectile will bea parabola. In practice the resistance of the air is encountered, F.«. GUN TRAJECTORY. so that the trajectory is not a parabola, but a complicated curve,about which sufficient experimental data has been obtained toenable the Range Tables, so essential to the gunner, to be com-piled. The range is also affected by several other factors, forwhich allowance must be made when calculating the elevationnecessary to hit a given target. The wind, or rather its com-ponent along the line of flight of the projectile, will increase or 142 ARTILLERY FROM THE SCIENTIFIC AND decrease the range, according to whether it is a following or ahead wind. An increase of atmospheric pressure is accompaniedby an increase of resistance and a decrease of range, while anincrease of atmospheric temperature causes a decrease of resis-tance and thus an increase of range. Again, the occasion inwhich the target is on the same horizontal plane as the gun is inpractice comparatively rare, and, as is indicated in the diagram(Fig. 1), the range is decreased by raising the target, a
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