. chthe worshippers would congregate, mass beingcelebrated on a small portable altar. The ancient lychgate which forms so picturesquea feature of the few churchyards—about onehundred in number—in which it still remains,takes its name from lich, a corpse;The so that the lychgate is literally Lychgate. the corpse gate, as Lichfield is thecorpse field. Under the shelterof its roof the coffin was rested by the bearerswhile the opening sentences of the burial servicewere read or sung by the clergy, who then pre-ceded the procession. Moder
. chthe worshippers would congregate, mass beingcelebrated on a small portable altar. The ancient lychgate which forms so picturesquea feature of the few churchyards—about onehundred in number—in which it still remains,takes its name from lich, a corpse;The so that the lychgate is literally Lychgate. the corpse gate, as Lichfield is thecorpse field. Under the shelterof its roof the coffin was rested by the bearerswhile the opening sentences of the burial servicewere read or sung by the clergy, who then pre-ceded the procession. Modern lychgates arenumerous. Consecration marks indicate where the wallswere touched with the holy oil by the bishop whenconsecrating the building. Ottery St. Mary Churchhas twenty-one of these crosses, thirteen outsideand eight within. These are architecturally treated. Consecration crosses, 31 each having been set in a quatrefoil, while belowseveral of them the iron supports remain, whichon certain great feasts held lights before the A TUB-SHAPED FONT I SHaLDOX, DEVON. (The base is modern.) Chapter III. Our Earliest Churches. There are unquestionably many fragments andsmall portions of pre-Conquest work imbedded inthe walls of later churches, and our best ecclesi-ologists realise that there were as many grades andperiods, as many stages of transition, in what isgenerally called Saxon architecture, as in the moreeasily followed transitions of the Gothic builders. Most books dealing with this subject treat onlyof England and English ecclesiology, omitting allmention of the rest of the United is especially rich in an architecture ofits own, and particularly in buildings and theremains of buildings of the most primitive con-struction, commencing with beehive huts. Thesewere circular on plan, and built with unmortaredstones in circular laj^ers of ever decreasing diameter,until the last smallest circle was crowned by a largeflat stone. They w
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