. The cereals in America. 376 THE CEREALS IN AMERICA the grain remain whole, since if broken its commercial value is reduced about one-half. These unbroken kernels are known as head rice. Great variations exist in different varieties and different grades of rice in the proportion of head rice to broken rice, as well as in the total amount of milled rice produced from a given amount of paddy. No accurate figures can be given of the proportion of head rice to broken rice, but the following illustrates what may be obtained from loo pounds cf a good sample of rough rice: head rice, thirty-seven; s
. The cereals in America. 376 THE CEREALS IN AMERICA the grain remain whole, since if broken its commercial value is reduced about one-half. These unbroken kernels are known as head rice. Great variations exist in different varieties and different grades of rice in the proportion of head rice to broken rice, as well as in the total amount of milled rice produced from a given amount of paddy. No accurate figures can be given of the proportion of head rice to broken rice, but the following illustrates what may be obtained from loo pounds cf a good sample of rough rice: head rice, thirty-seven; slightly broken, nineteen; very broken, six; polish, three; bran, fifteen; balls and waste, twenty pounds. While as high as fifty per cent or more of head rice may be obtained in some cases, in others none is obtained. The product of American mills is about as follows: clean rice, sixty; polish, four; bran, seventeen; and hulls and waste, nineteen per cent.* 527. By-Products.—The by-products of rice consist of hulls, bran and polish. The bran is properly composed of the cuticle (503) and the embryo, with a small mixture of hulls which it is not possible to prevent in the milling process. In practice, a considerable quantity of hulls is mixed with the bran. This mix- ture, sometimes containing as high as seventy per cent of hulls, is usually referred to in commerce as rice bran, while when the bran Characteristic ribbon-like rows of ceils . in rice hulls, highly magnified, which IS Comparatively free from hull it serve to identify the ground hulls when jg called rice meal. Both the bran used as an adulterant. (After Street.) and the polish are also more or less mixed with small particles of broken rice, called grits. Rice hulls are not only of no value as food for domestic animals, but apparently are injurious. They are consumed at the mills as fuel and sold for packing breakable articles and for similar uses. They are also ground and sold as husk meal or star bran. The 1 Twelf
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