. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. Atlantic Phoca vitulina c Pacific Phoca vitulina Phoca largha Halichoerus Pusa hispida Pag op hi I us Histriophoca Cystophora Erignathus. Leptonychotes Hydrurga Mirounga leonina Monachus schauinslandi Otariidae Odobenidae Ursidae : Phylogeny of the Phocidae according to (A) de Muizon (1982a), (B) Wyss (1988a), and (C) Arnason et al. (1995). Adapted from de Muizon (1982a), Wyss (1987. 1988a). and Arnason et al. (1995). supporting such a scenario (, Wyss 1987; Wolsan 1993; Wyss & Flynn 1993; Berta & Wyss 1994; Hunt & Barnes 1994).
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. Atlantic Phoca vitulina c Pacific Phoca vitulina Phoca largha Halichoerus Pusa hispida Pag op hi I us Histriophoca Cystophora Erignathus. Leptonychotes Hydrurga Mirounga leonina Monachus schauinslandi Otariidae Odobenidae Ursidae : Phylogeny of the Phocidae according to (A) de Muizon (1982a), (B) Wyss (1988a), and (C) Arnason et al. (1995). Adapted from de Muizon (1982a), Wyss (1987. 1988a). and Arnason et al. (1995). supporting such a scenario (, Wyss 1987; Wolsan 1993; Wyss & Flynn 1993; Berta & Wyss 1994; Hunt & Barnes 1994). But within such a framework, Wyss (1987) held the Otarioidea to be related by symplesiomorphies only, and instead proposed an Odobenus- phocid clade with an otariid sister group. This arrangement has since become the dominant view of pinniped phylogeny (, Flynn 1988; Berta 1991; Cozzuol 1992; Wyss & Flynn 1993; Berta & Wyss 1994; Vrana et al. 1994). Similarly, most workers in this area now also accept the ursids to be the sister group of the pinnipeds, although several morphological or immunological studies persist in proposing a mustelid. and not ursid, ancestry (, Arnason & Widegren 1986; Miyamoto & Goodman 1986; Wolsan 1993). However, much of this discussion may be moot. As Repenning & Tedford (1977) note, considerations of polyphyly are largely dependent on the definitions employed. Additionally, both fossil and molecular evidence indicate that the mustelid, ursid, and pinniped lineages were all diverging at about the same time from the primitive arctoid stock (Sarich 1976; Wayne et al. 1989; Repenning pers. comm.). Hence, any discussion of mustelid or ursid affinities for the pinnipeds may be irrelevant as these two groups may not have truly existed at the time of pinniped divergence. Thus, the whole question of pinniped ancestry may form part of. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digita
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