China: Empress Li Fengniang (1144 - 16 July 1200), consort of Emperor Guangzong, 12th ruler of the Song Dynasty and 3rd ruler of the Southern Song Dynasty (). Hanging scroll painting, c. 1189-1200. Empress Li Fengniang, also known as Cixian and Ciyi, was consort to Emperor Guangzong. Dominant and strong-willed, she was notorious for being ruthless and shrewd, acting as de facto ruler through her husband. She quarreled with the retired Emperor Gaozong and her father-in-law Emperor Xiaozong, and her presence eventually led to Empress Dowager Wu forcing Emperor Guangzong to abdicate.

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