. Electric railway journal . great crane that literallyeats up the work pneumatic tools are used in track work. This devicehas the compactness of the hand-operated ratchet andis available for use in cramped space at joint repairswhen the electric drilling devices cannot be used with-out destruction of a considerable area of pavement tomake room in which the apparatus can work. Regardless of the nature of the drilling device, thedrill bits receive very rough treatment, and the high•carbon steel rails in general use are particularly difficult to drill even with the highest grade of special tool-


. Electric railway journal . great crane that literallyeats up the work pneumatic tools are used in track work. This devicehas the compactness of the hand-operated ratchet andis available for use in cramped space at joint repairswhen the electric drilling devices cannot be used with-out destruction of a considerable area of pavement tomake room in which the apparatus can work. Regardless of the nature of the drilling device, thedrill bits receive very rough treatment, and the high•carbon steel rails in general use are particularly difficult to drill even with the highest grade of special tool-steeldrill bits. At this point the special tool-grinding ma-chinery of the portable type comes into service. Bymeans of special tool holders, any type of bit can beresharpened by the average laborer and the bits willdo better work than if sharpened by the average ma-chinist at a shop. There is no lost time waiting forfresh bits and a smaller stock can be carried, which isan item of moment when the present very high cost of. Track concreting a la mode drill bits is considered. Special tool-sharpening de-vices of this character are now considered indispensableon jobs where more than a few holes are to be drilled,and they should be in every gang tool box. Power Shovels for 50 perCent Economy The electric shovel has also come into quite a generaluse as a labor-saving device, and consideration shouldbe given to its use at every point where the controllingconditions will permit. It is invaluable when it can beemployed for breaking up concrete, in excavating andgrading on extension work, and in reconstruction workwhere the street widths will permit. In the latter situ-ation it can best be used when there is room for theinstallation of a temporary third track. These shovelshave been known to save their cost in doing two milesof track work. Under favorable circumstances theywill reduce the cost of excavating by 66 2-3 per cent, andcut the cost of teams 50 per cent, which latter is ave


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